Comes a time in every performance-oriented programmer's life when you can speed things up tremendously by working directly with bits. In such a situation, this page of bit twiddling hacks would be very useful: Bit Twiddling Hacks (via \<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7er/LessIsBetter/%7e3/130989829/drjflam"" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">John Lam)