The Ars Technica article lithium breakthrough could charge batteries in 10 seconds reports on a Nature article describing a very fast way to charge or discharge batteries. The upshot is that an electric-car battery could be charged in five minutes ("which would make electric vehicles incredibly practical") but would pull 180,000 Watts ("which is most certainly not practical."). I would think you could use a two-stage process (whereby the filling station's bank of batteries would "trickle" charge from the grid and then discharge them rapidly), but I would also think that would generate huge amounts of heat unless you had a handy room-temperature-superconducting charging cord.